Psychology Essays (607 words) - Behavior, Abuse, Human Behavior

Psychology The impact of bullying and cyberbullying on cognitive and mental health of the victim and perpetrator. Bullying is the use of force, threat, intimidate or aggressively dominate others. The behavior of a bully is often repetitive and habitual. There are different types of bullying verbal physical and with the new technology a different form of bullying immersed called cyber bullying. Cyberbullying is becoming very popular amongst the adolescents due to all the new technology. Bullies often like to target one's social class, race, ethnicity , sexuality, physical appearance and gender. Bullying has a very strong impact on both the victim and the bully. Bullying can be defined in many different ways. The united kingdom and other european countries have no legal definition of bullying while the united state has very severe laws on bullying. Bullying is divided into 4 basic types of abuse; emotional, verbal, physical and cyber. It typically involves subtle methods such as intimidation. Bullying ranges from one on one, individual bullying through to group bullying, in which the bully ma have one or more bullies assisting.bullying in school and the workplace can be referred to as peer abuse. Robert W. Fuller has analyzed bullying in the context of rankism. Studies show that envy and resentment may be motives for bullying. Some also bully as a tool to conceal shame or anxiety or boost self esteem. Psychologist Roy Baumeister said people who are prone to abusive tend to have inflated but fragile egos. Because they think to highly of themselves, are frequently offended by criticism and lack of defence of other people and react to this disrespect with violence and insult. Research also shows a lot of risk factor like depression and personality disorders, addiction to aggressive behaviors, and engaging in obsessive action. A study shows a combination of antisocial traits and depression was found to be the best predictor of youth violence. Research also found that bullying may be a result of genetic predisposition, brain abnormalities. During early adolescence parents teach emotional regulation and control aggressive behaviors, some children fail to develop these skills. Children may fail to develop these skills because of insecure attachment with their families, ineffective discipline, and some environmental factors such as a stressful home and hostile siblings. Research also shows that adults who bully will have authoritarian personalities, and have strong urges to be in control and dominate. Victims of bullying may suffer from future health risks. Dr Cook said that " a typical victim is unlikely to be aggressive, lack socials skills, think negative thought, experience difficulties in solving social problem, come from a negative family and be noticeably rejected and isolated by peers." Victims of bullying can suffer from long term emotional and behavioral problems. Victims often develop depression, loneliness, anxiety low self esteem and increased susceptibility to illness and may develop suicidal behavior. While some people find it very easy to ignore bullies others may find it difficult to and reach their breaking point. Depression is one of the main reasons why kids who are bullied commit suicide. According to Suicide Awareness Voices for Education, 16%of students ages 15-24 years old consider suicide , 13% percent create a plan and 8% have made an attempt. New perspectives on bullying by kenrigby Garbarino,j de lara, E.. The free press:New York Joanne Scaglione, Arrica Rose Scaglione By terrence Webster-Doyal. Book and teaching curriculum , by Paul Graham. This essay is an example of how even medium diffrences in hierarchal, Zero-sum, or negative environments, can lead to ostracsm or persecution.

Essay Examples on Academic of Medical Field

Essay Examples on Academic of Medical FieldFree essay samples on academic of medical field, presented in a very interactive manner are available on the Internet and you can get some of them. A free essay sample on academic of the medical field can be of great use to students studying the field.The medical field is full of people who are motivated to contribute towards the advancement of science. They are not happy to pass off without acknowledgment of their contribution to the field. This can be seen in many fields and therefore they are willing to improve their performance.There are professional writers whose purpose is to improve the performance of physicians and doctors by improving their written work. The main reason for such improvements are better incentives and better pay scales. This is the main reason that all the professionals are motivated to improve their work and that is why they are ready to write great essays on academic of medical field.Since writing is required for i mprovement of the work of the doctors and other professionals are also provided essay samples on academic of medical field to improve their writing skills. Writing an essay is a tedious process that requires skill, patience and practice. It is always considered necessary to practice the techniques and writing skills in advance. Most of the medical professionals are willing to help those who want to improve their writing skills.A list of essay samples on academic of the medical field can be accessed from different websites on the Internet. However one should be careful when using these essay samples as they may contain errors or missing information. It is always better to make a copy of the essay before using it so that you can fix the errors or provide the required information in a suitable manner.On researching the Internet you will find many sites that are offering free essay samples on academic of medical field. These sites have a large number of articles which are prepared by pr ofessional writers and editors. You can choose the one that suits your writing skills and suits your requirement.You can do the research yourself or you can read through the articles and post comments on the website so that you can get feedback on your writing skills. In addition you can get the feedback from the experts so that you can take your suggestions seriously. Such tutorials are available on the Internet and you can get them very easily.You can avail some of the free essay samples on academic of medical field from any of the websites that are present on the Internet. Some of the examples offered by the writers are very much helpful for students who are studying the field of medical field. If you are eager to improve your writing skills then you can make use of this opportunity provided by these websites.

Radiologic Technologist (Radiographer or X-Ray Technician) Essay Example

Radiologic Technologist (Radiographer or X Radiologic Technologist (Radiographer or X-Ray Technician) Paper Radiologic Technologist (Radiographer or X-Ray Technician) Paper Radiologic Technology is the science of using radiation to produce the images that radiologist use to diagnose injury and disease. Radiologic technologist or radiographer function as part of the health care team by assisting physicians, namely radiologist, in procedures, operating imaging equipment, positioning, and care of patients. . The radiographer is also responsible for patient and personal safety, as well as upkeep of equipment. To be able to perform these duties, radiographers must follow guidelines set down by various organizations and be able to perform duties in a professional, caring manner. To become radiologic technologists, students must graduate from an accredited radiologic technology program and pass the national board exam, known as the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT). There are both college-based and hospital-based programs. The Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT) accredits these programs. Training includes radiation safety, proper positioning and procedures, patient care, as well as ethical and legal standards. With experience and additional training, staff technologists may become specialists, performing CT scanning, ultrasound, cardiovascular angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging as well as becoming an educator. Experienced technologists may also be promoted to supervisor, chief radiologic technologist, and ultimately to radiographer manager. The ARRT is responsible for testing and provides certification for these advancement positions. Radiographers work in a variety of settings including hospitals, clinics and outpatient centers. The Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) accredits hospitals and makes sure hospitals maintain expected standards. Today, many hospitals are affiliated with Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO). All members of the health care team in these hospitals help keep costs down by promoting preventative care. They must be role models for good health to set an example for patients. The imaging department of a hospital is usually headed by the radiographer manager who works closely with radiologists and administration to establish policies and budgets. Under the manager is the chief technologist who schedules staff, maintains supplies, and sees to day to day operations. Staff radiographers must follow the chain of command to function as part of the health care team. Radiologic technologists are represented on a national level by the American Society of Radiologic Technologist (ASRT). The ASRT helps provided educational opportunities, monitors legislation that affects the profession, and establishing standards of practice. Each state also has their own society that helps contribute to the advancement of the profession. The society established a Scope of Practice, which defines responsibilities, required qualifications and duties, allowed to perform by radiographers. A Position Description defines specific duties of the various specialty imaging areas as well as staff radiographer. Local standards prevail over national or state standards. The ASRT and the ARRT developed a Code of Ethics for technologist to provide a high standard of conduct. The principles cover prejudices, professional behavior, confidentiality, and safety responsibilities. By adhering to these principles, technologists can minimize the possibility of having a lawsuit brought against them. Another important aspect of the job is to take care of personal physical and mental well being. To be able to help others, radiographers must maintain good health and be able to cope with stresses of work and personal life. In Maslow’s hierarchy of need, self-actualization is the ultimate goal. When technologist achieve this goal they are able to cope with stresses, and have the ability to focus on patients to provide quality care.

Jessica Johnson v. Wilkinson Manufacturing Essay - 1

Jessica Johnson v. Wilkinson Manufacturing - Essay Example This Act gives an individual the right to receive equal treatment in terms of pay in comparison to members of the opposite gender. However, there must be adequate proof that the claimant does like work, which has been rated to be of a similar value to a person of the opposite sex in the process of job evaluation. In addition, the claimnat has to prove that he or she is doing work of equal value as the member of the opposite sex. Thus Jessica is in a position to claim sex discrimination since she meets the above conditions. Furthermore, the Equality Act 2010 renders sex discrimination illegal. In particular the clause of the Act that prevails in this case is the equal terms-equal pay. Thus Jessica’s renumeration ought to be equal to those of his male counterparts who are employed in the same managerial position as her (Crown et al). The Equal Employment Opportrunity Comisssion (EEOC) is the federal body charged with the responsibility of enforcing breaches against workplace discrimination laws. The EEOC is the agency that handles discrimination complaints based on the complainant’s sex or other factors such as color, religion, nation of origin dependent on the nature of complaint. In addition, the EEEOC is also entitled to file complaints against employers on behalf of employees who have alleged to have been discriminated. Wilikinson manufacturing is practicing sex discrimination. However, there is an available defense, which can prevail; the pay secrecy clause in employment contract which is unimplementable since it is difficult to find out whether the pay difference is associated with a particular characteristic. Therefore, Jessica cannot really tell whether pay difference is due to gender factor or a hidden characteristic secret to Wilkinson Manufacturing (EEOC et al). In this issue Jessica would emerge the victor since the factor, which ought to determine her renumeration is level of work and value of

The Three Major Components of a Product Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Three Major Components of a Product - Article Example The notion of ‘cost of production’ deals with the overall expenses which have been made by the production house in producing the particular product (Kaufman and Woodhead, 2006, p.164; Essential Components of RTI – A Closer Look at Response to Intervention, 2010, p.2). To understand the perceived complexity of tailored as opposed to standardized products, one needs to understand how different cultural influences concur with the perceived value as well as the importance known to a product or service by the market. A product, in this context, is more than the physical element and it is regarded as a package of different rewards and/or utilities that the buyer gets. These aspects include the shape, the flavor, the color, the smell and also the texture of the product. Also, aspects of how the product works, the packaging, the labeling, and the security are closely related to these aspects. Along with these aspects the service manufacturer and the retailer, the level of confidence or status enjoyed by the particular brand, the level of reputation of manufacturers, of a country of origin, or any other representative utility expected by the possession and/or use of that product. Considering a product mainly for the secondary market, the amount of adjustme nt which is required largely depends on the cultural differences as well as the perception of the market where these products were originally developed. The greater the level of cultural differences between these two markets, the higher the level of adaptation of the product that will be necessary (Barbu, n.d., p.109). One of the most important American products which have been changed to a great extent in the context of the increasing the volume of sales in the foreign market has been showing programs on the TV channel MTV.  

Global Systems Theory Essay Example for Free

Global Systems Theory Essay Global systems theory is perhaps one of the many theories related to capitalism and transnational corporations. This paper attempts to look into global systems theory in the context of capitalism by making use of three articles as part of the literature for the research. By outlining the major contentions for each of these three articles, this paper will further juxtapose these main points with global systems theory and arrive at a more developed and comprehensive understanding of the theory as a whole. Brief Literature Review In Robert Granfield’s article â€Å"Making It by Faking It: Working Class Students in an Elite Academic Environment†, he indicates how working class law students experience inequalities among upper class students which influences the class of law students. By collecting data through observation, personal interviews, small group interview and survey from a national law school in the eastern part of the United States, Granfield was able to expose the essential differences between law students in terms of class background. Through class background, Granfield also identifies the apparent discrimination between working class students and upper class students at school whenever working class students feel that they are being treated as ‘cultural outsiders’. In Hays’ article â€Å"The Ideology of Intensive Mothering: A Cultural Analysis of the Bestselling Gurus of Appropriate Childbearing†, he presents the key components of the ideology of intensive mothering, specifically: children are outside the market value, are priceless and are not economic assets; good childrearing requires intensive commitment on the part of the caregiver, and; childcare is the primary responsibility of the individual mother. The central focus of Hays’ article focuses on childcare especially on the role of mothers towards their children. The author further gives the emphasis that children are ‘sacred’ in a sociological sense because of the fact that childrearing and its effects on children reaffirm the belief in the importance of children. It creates a protected space of security, trust and close human connection inasmuch as it illustrates the generous and nurturing characteristic of individuals rather than being individualistic and always inclined for competition. In Webb’s newspaper article â€Å"A Crowded Family Enters the Space Age† featured in the New York Times, the author explores the case of Eric Alan’s family through the functionalist perspective. From a functionalist perspective, social institutions such as families and governments are analyzed and explained as collective means to satisfy specific or individual biological requisites. These social institutions, along with the rest, are composed of interconnected roles or norms such as the interconnected roles within the family (e. g. father, mother, etc. ). In the case of the family of Eric Alan, the worth of his family proves the idea that the family as a social institution has interconnected roles with the larger society. In particular, having to redesign his familys home into something more breathable exemplifies the presumption that the individual roles in the family, such as the role of the father to provide an inhabitable home for his family, and the family in general is tied with the other segments of the society in such a way that one reinforces the values of the other and vice versa. Featured in the November 8 issue of the New York Times, A Crowded Family Enters the Space Age conveys the story of a father, Eric Alan, wanting to provide a larger house for his growing family with the aid of Architect Neil Denari. In return, Denaris expertise and skills acquire a living experience thus proving to be another feat not only in his career as an architect but also in the discipline of architecture. From a functionalist perspective, this very well provides a real life example of how the units of the society interact together harmoniously in order to continue with survival. Description of the Case Global system theory is a base for the concept of transnational practices. However, cross state boundaries do not necessarily originate with state agencies or actors. The global capitalist system operates to maximize profits at the expense of others. Murray Dobbing (1998) claims that the economic world order has changed and the nation-state is in decline. This paper will outline and support the claims of Dobbing through a discussion of the transnational practices in the economic and the cultural-ideological spheres in relation to the political sphere. The paper will further discuss the agencies that facilitate transnational growth. In the economic sphere, the global capitalist system offers a limited place to the wage earning masses in most countries. It has very little need of the subordinate classes in this sphere as sophisticated machines replace human laborers for cost saving and greater profit for capitalists. As John Kenneth Galbraith in Rifkin’s The End of Work (1995) indicates, the global capital system requires scientific minded managers who have specialized talent and can operate sophisticated machines. Unskilled workers and their families become part of an underclass and face permanent unemployment. Meanwhile, the global economy has created an environment in which many large corporations are becoming transnational corporations which bring wealth to both developing and developed countries often by lobbying to their governments so as to gain access to these developing countries. The governments of developing countries are jeopardizing their own legitimacy to cultivate an inviting environment for the private sector. While the global capital system provides resources for economic development, the global capitals’ desires for low prices and high dividends result in child labor, environmental destruction and the expropriation of land and resources from local communities including indigenous people. In the culture-ideology sphere, the aim of global capitalists is to persuade all classes, especially the working middle-classes, to consume above their biological needs for pursuit of capitalists’ profit, which will ensure the belief that global capitalist system will be perpetuated. The cultural ideology of transnational growth proclaims that the meaning of life can be found in the things that we possess. To consume, therefore, is to be fully alive, and to remain fully alive people must continuously consume. Moreover, the notions of men and women as economic or political beings are discarded by global capitalism as the system does not even pretend to satisfy everyone in the economic or political spheres. Their value to society is determined by what they can afford to purchase. Therefore, people primarily become consumers rather than citizens. The point of economic activity for working middle-class of the global capitalist system is to provide the resources for consumption to create the â€Å"global shoppers,† and the point of political activity is to ensure that the conditions for consuming are maintained. The advancement of the internet and technology has hastened the reduction of trade barriers and the increment of the â€Å"global shoppers. † According to Chomsky (2003), mass media overwhelmingly corporate and embraces the values of corporate leaders. Moreover, the major media outlets are linked in huge media chains, with many of these conglomerates owned by transnational corporations. Corporate control is further solidified by advertising paid in dollars to the media by corporations. Thus, the mass media consistently supports globalization, neo-liberalism, and the politicians who push these corporate agendas. Transnational marketing such as TV commercials, billboards, etc. are forced on the world’s middle-class consumers. Transnational corporations, such as Disney, heavily market their American pop culture products. By selling the same thing, the same way, everywhere with little or no reference to local cultural differences, transnational corporations has homogenized world culture. Analysis of the Case Robert Granfield’s article helps one to understand ‘global system theory’ as a whole. For the most part, Granfield’s discussion on how working class students adapt in the academic environment dominated by upper class law students gives us a brief but useful overview of how working class students attempt to join the remainder of the upper class of the workforce. The startling irony is that while Granfield espouses the idea that working class law students can blend well with their environment which is presumed to give much preference to upper class students by ‘faking it’ or by posing as one of the upper class, global system theory on the other hand implies that there is no substantial place for these working class students especially in the workforce. This is because the lower classes of the society or the working force comprising the bulk of the lower hierarchy, have already been replaced by sophisticated machines. Hence, manpower or physical labor becomes confined to those individuals who have sufficient learning to operate these sophisticated machines. If this is indeed the case, then it must also be the case that global system theory also espouses the presumption that the disparity between the highest and the lowest ranks of the social hierarchy grows parallel to the pace of global capitalism. But Granfield suggests that the working class students have the ability to ‘fake it’ which may also suggest the probability that even the individuals from the lower ranks can also make it to the bulk of the workforce able to operate the sophisticated machineries of the contemporary world. Nevertheless, the totality of the global workforce remains to this day comprised of a large number of working class citizens who fall at the median of the social hierarchy, notwithstanding children or minors who work which leads us to the next point. In Hays’ â€Å"The Ideology of Intensive Mothering: A Cultural Analysis of the Bestselling Gurus of Appropriate Childbearing†, we are given the presumption that children should be given the sufficient care and attention. This includes the idea that children or minors are not individuals who are expected to literally work whether in offices or factories. However, the opposite is true especially among nations below the poverty line or less-developed third-world countries. It is estimated that around 250 million children are under what we call â€Å"child labor† according to the statistics provided by Think Quest, an online database providing global child labor information (Think Quest, 2007). If global system theory is indeed true, then there would be little reason to believe that there is child labor among the less-developed countries where capitalism is beginning to grow its roots since children have very little knowledge on the use of sophisticated machines intended to replace the workers who handle the basics of the tasks in the corporations, for instance. But the case is that 250 million children work across the globe, which prompts us to question the claims of global system theory. On the other hand, global system theory may respond to this criticism by stating that the replacement of manpower with sophisticated machineries is only true for those transnational corporations operating in developed countries. Part of the reason to this is the idea that underdeveloped countries are not suitable locations for transnational corporate ventures largely because developed nations have what it takes for global capitalism—a strong and sustained demand for the goods and services being offered by these corporations. Webb’s article â€Å"A Crowded Family Enters the Space Age† reiterates the presumption that the family has its roles in nurturing its members which partially relates to Hay’s article that children should be nurtured and protected and should be treated as economic assets especially in terms of manpower or a part of the work force. The fact that Webb implies the idea that there are parental responsibilities towards the needs of the family especially of the children at least in terms of a suitable place to live point us to the idea that children or minors should be nurtured and cared for instead of being treated as members of the working class whether or not parents are able to provide for their needs. Ultimately, this brings us to the understanding that the decline of the nation-state as espoused by global systems theory is not fully achieved precisely because the basic unit of the society or of the nation-states for that matter—the family—reinforces the entirety of the nation-state by sustaining its integrity as a functional basic unit able to maintain its internal status. Conclusion In the end, global systems theory may not necessarily apply to the broadest range of nations, from developed to the developing and less-developed precisely because these nations have differences although similarities may also be noted. The presumption that the family remains a cohesive force in the society may substantially refute the claim that the nation-state is dissolving. Nevertheless, there are certain arguments of global systems theory that remains to this day a force with grains of truth in it. Apart from the fact that sophisticated machineries have slowly replaced the manpower of the working and lower classes of the society, capitalism has been reinforced by the expansion of transnational corporations worldwide. Works Cited Chomsky, Noam. Necessary Illusions: Thought Control in Democratic Societies. House of Anansi Press, 2003. 1-20. Dobbing, Murray. The Myth of the Good Corporate Citizen: Democracy under the Rule of Big Business. Stoddart, 1998. 49-60. Hawken, Paul. The Ecology of Commerce: A Declaration of Sustainability. 1st ed: Harper Business, 1993. 1-17. Rifkin, Jeremy. The End of Work: The Decline of the Global Labor Force and the Dawn of the Post-Market Era. G. P. Putnams Sons, 1995. 3-14. Think Quest, http://library. thinkquest. org/03oct/01908/800/whatisit_childlabor. htm, December 4, 2007.

Chief Seattle Essay -- Biography History Indians Native American Essay

Chief Seattle When stories are told about the American Indian it is usually the Indians that are looked upon as the heathens. They are portrayed as savages who spent most of their time raiding wagon trains and scalping the white settlers just for fun. The media has lead us to believe that the American government was forced to take the land from these savage Indians. We should put the blame where it belongs, on the U.S. Government who lied, cheated, and stole from the Indians forcing many Indian leaders to surrender not only their tribes but their nation in order to save the lives of their people. Among the Indians of the Pacific Northwest, perhaps the best known may be Chief Seattle. Chief Seattle (more correctly known as Seathl or Sealth) was born sometime between 1786-1790 on Blake Island at the campsite of his ancestors. Blake Island lies south and a little east of Bainbridge Island and west and a little south of Seattle. Seattle was the son of Suquamish leader named Schweabe and a Duwamish woman named Scholitza. He became Chief of the Suquamish, Duwamish, and allied Salish speaking tribes by proving his leadership qualities in a war that pitted his and other saltwater tribes against those of the Green and White Rivers. (1) He was considered to be Duwamish since his mother was the daughter of a Duwamish chief and the line of descent passed matrilineally. This was sometimes the case when fathers died while their son's were was still young and the mother would return to her tribe to raise the children. The Duwamish lived on the Duwamish River and various islands across the P uget Sound. Seattle was married twice, his first wife Ladaila, died after bearing one daughter, Kiksomlo, known as "Angeline". His second wife, Oiahl, had three daughters all of whom died young and two boys, George and Seeanumpkin. (2) In 1792, Captain George Vancouver anchored off Restoration Point on Bainbridge Island in Puget Sound. Seattle, according to the recollections of various old-timers, often spoke of seeing the ship and being impressed with the guns, steel, and other goods. Seattle was known for his courage, daring and leadership during his youth. Throughout the violent periods, Seattle remained a steadfast and loyal friend of the settlers and encouraged the Indians to remain peaceful. He gained control of six of the local tribes and continued the friendly relation... ... the two teams that didn't have any uniforms. Now I look back and for all I know maybe they couldn't afford any. While I was in high school I remember driving with my friends to the Indian reservations to buy illegal fireworks. I never really gave it much thought beyond the fact that they were places to get illegal fireworks. Anyway, like I wrote earlier "this is just two examples that I have experienced while growing up in Washington State". This class truly has been a learning experience. Works Cited (1) Ells, Myron. The Indians of Puget Sound. University of Washington Press: Seattle, 1985 (2) Jeffers, Susan. Brother Eagle, Sister Sky. Dial Books: New York, 1991 (3) Sturtevant, William. Handbook of North American Indians. Smithsonian Institution: Washington, 1990 (4) Dockstader, Frederick. Great North American Indians. Litton Educational Publishing: New York, 1977 (5) Ruby, Robert. Indians of the Pacific Northwest. University of Oklahoma Press: Norman, 1981 (6) Deloria, Vine. Indians of the Pacific Northwest. Double Day And Company: New York, 1977 (7) Schwantes, Carlos. The Pacific Northwest. University of Nebraska Press: Lincoln, 1989